MySQL Error Code Lookup: Causes and Fixes

Paste a MySQL error number such as 1064, a full line like ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user, a symbol such as ER_DUP_ENTRY, a SQLSTATE, or just the message your application logged, and this tool identifies the error, explains why MySQL raised it and gives a concrete fix with the SQL or configuration to change. It covers the most searched server errors (1000-1999 and the newer 3000+ codes) and client errors (2000-2999) such as 2002 and 2006, notes where MariaDB differs, and generates ready-to-paste handlers for Python, Java, Node.js, Go and PHP. Everything runs in your browser; nothing you paste is sent anywhere.

Error number, ERROR line, symbol, SQLSTATE or message

Common codes:

Error explained

MySQL error 1064 — ER_PARSE_ERROR
SQLSTATE: 42000
Category: Server errors 1000–1999 (classic)

Typical message
  ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'order WHERE id = 1' at line 1

Why it happens
  The parser failed at the text shown after 'near'. Common causes: a reserved word used as an identifier (order, group, key, rank - RANK became reserved in 8.0), a missing comma or quote, syntax from another database (TOP, ILIKE, ::cast), or a MySQL 8.0 feature sent to an older server.

How to fix
  Look at the first token of the 'near' fragment - the mistake is right before it.
  Quote reserved words with backticks: SELECT * FROM `order` WHERE `rank` = 1;
  Check your version: SELECT VERSION();  (CTEs / window functions need 8.0+)
  MySQL uses LIMIT, not TOP; CAST(x AS SIGNED), not x::int.

Handle it in code

-- Stored procedure: catch by error number (or SQLSTATE '42000')
DECLARE EXIT HANDLER FOR 1064
BEGIN
  GET DIAGNOSTICS CONDITION 1 @errno = MYSQL_ERRNO, @msg = MESSAGE_TEXT;
  ROLLBACK;
  SELECT @errno, @msg;
END;

# Python (mysql-connector-python)
import mysql.connector
try:
    cur.execute(sql, params)
except mysql.connector.Error as err:
    if err.errno == 1064:  # errorcode.ER_PARSE_ERROR
        print(err.errno, err.sqlstate, err.msg)

# Python (PyMySQL)
import pymysql
try:
    cur.execute(sql, params)
except pymysql.MySQLError as e:
    if e.args[0] == 1064:
        print(e.args[1])

// Java (JDBC / MySQL Connector/J)
try {
    stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
} catch (SQLException e) {
    if (e.getErrorCode() == 1064) {   // e.getSQLState() -> "42000"
        // handle ER_PARSE_ERROR
    }
}

// Node.js (mysql2)
try {
  await conn.execute(sql, params);
} catch (err) {
  if (err.errno === 1064 || err.code === 'ER_PARSE_ERROR') {
    // err.sqlState === '42000', err.sqlMessage
  }
}

// Go (github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql)
var me *mysql.MySQLError
if errors.As(err, &me) && me.Number == 1064 {
    // handle ER_PARSE_ERROR: me.Message
}

// PHP (PDO)
try {
    $stmt->execute($params);
} catch (PDOException $e) {
    if ((int) $e->errorInfo[1] === 1064) {   // errorInfo[0] = SQLSTATE '42000'
        // handle ER_PARSE_ERROR
    }
}

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MySQL error codes reference (85 common errors)

Every MySQL error has three identifiers: a numeric error code (the errno, e.g. 1062), a symbol (ER_DUP_ENTRY for server errors, CR_ for client-library errors) and a five-character SQLSTATE (23000). The number is the most precise - many different errors share one SQLSTATE such as HY000 or 23000 - so application code should branch on the number. MariaDB shares the 1000–1999 numbering for most classic errors listed here, but diverges for newer codes: the 3000+ errors below are MySQL-only, and MariaDB assigns its own meanings to codes in the 1900s and 4000s. Click any number to load it into the tool above.

Server errors 1000–1999 (classic)

Raised by mysqld and sent to the client. This numbering is shared by MariaDB for almost all of these classic errors.

Symbol	SQLSTATE	Meaning
ER_CANT_CREATE_TABLE	HY000	CREATE/ALTER TABLE failed (often errno 150: bad foreign key).
ER_DB_CREATE_EXISTS	HY000	Database already exists.
ER_DB_DROP_EXISTS	HY000	Database to drop does not exist.
ER_DUP_KEY	23000	Duplicate key while writing (often duplicate FK name).
ER_OPEN_AS_READONLY	HY000	Table is read only.
ER_CON_COUNT_ERROR	08004	Too many connections (max_connections reached).
ER_DBACCESS_DENIED_ERROR	42000	User has no privileges on the database.
ER_ACCESS_DENIED_ERROR	28000	Access denied - wrong user, host or password.
ER_NO_DB_ERROR	3D000	No database selected.
ER_BAD_NULL_ERROR	23000	Column cannot be NULL.
ER_BAD_DB_ERROR	42000	Unknown database.
ER_TABLE_EXISTS_ERROR	42S01	Table already exists.
ER_BAD_TABLE_ERROR	42S02	Unknown table (DROP TABLE).
ER_NON_UNIQ_ERROR	23000	Column name is ambiguous in a join.
ER_BAD_FIELD_ERROR	42S22	Unknown column.
ER_WRONG_FIELD_WITH_GROUP	42000	Non-aggregated column not in GROUP BY (ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY).
ER_DUP_FIELDNAME	42S21	Duplicate column name.
ER_DUP_KEYNAME	42000	Duplicate index name.
ER_DUP_ENTRY	23000	Duplicate entry for a PRIMARY/UNIQUE key.
ER_PARSE_ERROR	42000	SQL syntax error.
ER_INVALID_DEFAULT	42000	Invalid default value for a column.
ER_TOO_LONG_KEY	42000	Index key too long (767 / 3072 bytes).
ER_WRONG_AUTO_KEY	42000	AUTO_INCREMENT column must be a key.
ER_CANT_DROP_FIELD_OR_KEY	42000	Can't DROP column/index - it does not exist.
ER_UPDATE_TABLE_USED	HY000	Can't modify a table selected from in a subquery.
ER_RECORD_FILE_FULL	HY000	The table is full.
ER_TOO_BIG_ROWSIZE	42000	Row size too large (65,535 bytes or InnoDB page limit).
ER_HOST_NOT_PRIVILEGED	HY000	Host is not allowed to connect.
ER_WRONG_VALUE_COUNT_ON_ROW	21S01	Column count doesn't match value count.
ER_MIX_OF_GROUP_FUNC_AND_FIELDS	42000	Aggregate mixed with plain columns without GROUP BY.
ER_TABLEACCESS_DENIED_ERROR	42000	Command denied for table (missing privilege).
ER_NO_SUCH_TABLE	42S02	Table doesn't exist.
ER_NET_PACKET_TOO_LARGE	08S01	Packet bigger than max_allowed_packet.
ER_BLOB_KEY_WITHOUT_LENGTH	42000	TEXT/BLOB indexed without a prefix length.
ER_UPDATE_WITHOUT_KEY_IN_SAFE_MODE	HY000	Safe update mode blocked UPDATE/DELETE without key WHERE.
ER_LOCK_WAIT_TIMEOUT	HY000	Lock wait timeout exceeded.
ER_LOCK_TABLE_FULL	HY000	Total number of locks exceeds the lock table size.
ER_LOCK_DEADLOCK	40001	Deadlock found; transaction rolled back.
ER_CANNOT_ADD_FOREIGN	HY000	Cannot add foreign key constraint.
ER_NO_REFERENCED_ROW	23000	Child row insert/update fails FK (older form).
ER_ROW_IS_REFERENCED	23000	Parent row delete/update fails FK (older form).
ER_SPECIFIC_ACCESS_DENIED_ERROR	42000	Needs SUPER / SYSTEM_VARIABLES_ADMIN / other privilege.
ER_MASTER_FATAL_ERROR_READING_BINLOG	HY000	Replica can't read binlog from source.
ER_WARN_DATA_OUT_OF_RANGE	22003	Out of range value for column.
WARN_DATA_TRUNCATED	01000	Data truncated for column.
ER_CANT_AGGREGATE_2COLLATIONS	HY000	Illegal mix of collations.
ER_UNKNOWN_COLLATION	HY000	Unknown collation (e.g. utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci on old server).
ER_OPTION_PREVENTS_STATEMENT	HY000	Server option (read_only, secure-file-priv) prevents statement.
ER_TRUNCATED_WRONG_VALUE	22007	Incorrect / truncated datetime or number value.
ER_NO_DEFAULT_FOR_FIELD	HY000	Field doesn't have a default value.
ER_TRUNCATED_WRONG_VALUE_FOR_FIELD	HY000	Incorrect string/integer value for column (charset or type).
ER_DATA_TOO_LONG	22001	Data too long for column.
ER_WRONG_VALUE_FOR_TYPE	HY000	Incorrect value for function (e.g. STR_TO_DATE).
ER_BINLOG_UNSAFE_ROUTINE	HY000	Function lacks DETERMINISTIC / NO SQL / READS SQL DATA with binlog on.
ER_BINLOG_CREATE_ROUTINE_NEED_SUPER	HY000	Creating routines needs SUPER with binlog on.
ER_NO_SUCH_USER	HY000	DEFINER user of view/routine/trigger doesn't exist.
ER_ROW_IS_REFERENCED_2	23000	Cannot delete/update parent row: FK fails.
ER_NO_REFERENCED_ROW_2	23000	Cannot add/update child row: FK fails.
ER_MAX_PREPARED_STMT_COUNT_REACHED	42000	Too many prepared statements (max_prepared_stmt_count).
ER_DATA_OUT_OF_RANGE	22003	Numeric value out of range in expression (e.g. UNSIGNED minus).
ER_ACCESS_DENIED_NO_PASSWORD_ERROR	28000	Access denied (no password; often auth_socket root).
ER_TRUNCATE_ILLEGAL_FK	42000	Cannot TRUNCATE a table referenced by a foreign key.
ER_INDEX_COLUMN_TOO_LONG	HY000	Index column size too large (767 bytes).
ER_CANT_EXECUTE_IN_READ_ONLY_TRANSACTION	25006	Write attempted inside a READ ONLY transaction.
ER_NOT_VALID_PASSWORD	HY000	Password does not satisfy the validate_password policy.
ER_MUST_CHANGE_PASSWORD	HY000	Must reset password with ALTER USER first.
ER_FK_NO_INDEX_PARENT	HY000	Missing index for FK in the referenced table.
ER_FK_CANNOT_OPEN_PARENT	HY000	Failed to open the referenced (parent) table.

Server errors 3000 and above (MySQL 5.7 / 8.0+)

Newer server errors added in MySQL 5.7 and 8.0. MariaDB does not use these numbers - its own newer errors live in the 1900s and 4000s with different meanings.

Symbol	SQLSTATE	Meaning
ER_QUERY_TIMEOUT	HY000	max_execution_time exceeded.
ER_INVALID_JSON_TEXT	22032	Invalid JSON text for a JSON column.
ER_LOCK_NOWAIT	HY000	Lock not available and NOWAIT was set.
ER_TABLE_WITHOUT_PK	HY000	Table without primary key refused (sql_require_primary_key).
ER_FK_INCOMPATIBLE_COLUMNS	HY000	FK columns are incompatible (type/charset mismatch).
ER_CHECK_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATED	HY000	CHECK constraint violated.
ER_CLIENT_LOCAL_FILES_DISABLED	42000	LOAD DATA LOCAL disabled on client or server.
ER_CLIENT_INTERACTION_TIMEOUT	HY000	Disconnected by server for inactivity (wait_timeout).

Client errors 2000–2999 (libmysqlclient / connectors)

Generated by the client library, not the server - usually connection, network or authentication-plugin problems. The mysql client reports them with SQLSTATE HY000.

Symbol	SQLSTATE	Meaning
CR_CONNECTION_ERROR	HY000	Can't connect through local socket.
CR_CONN_HOST_ERROR	HY000	Can't connect to MySQL server on host:port.
CR_UNKNOWN_HOST	HY000	Unknown MySQL server host (DNS).
CR_SERVER_GONE_ERROR	HY000	MySQL server has gone away.
CR_SERVER_LOST	HY000	Lost connection to MySQL server during query.
CR_COMMANDS_OUT_OF_SYNC	HY000	Commands out of sync.
CR_SSL_CONNECTION_ERROR	HY000	SSL connection error.
CR_AUTH_PLUGIN_CANNOT_LOAD	HY000	Authentication plugin cannot be loaded (caching_sha2_password).
CR_AUTH_PLUGIN_ERR	HY000	Authentication plugin reported error (needs secure connection).

How to find the MySQL error number

The mysql client prints it directly: ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'shop.orders' doesn't exist - 1146 is the number, 42S02 the SQLSTATE.
For warnings or a silently failed statement, run SHOW WARNINGS; or SHOW ERRORS; right after it - the Code column is the error number.
Inside stored procedures, GET DIAGNOSTICS CONDITION 1 @n = MYSQL_ERRNO, @s = RETURNED_SQLSTATE, @m = MESSAGE_TEXT; exposes the number, SQLSTATE and message in a handler.
From a shell on the server, perror 1062 prints the symbol and message for any number (it also decodes OS / InnoDB errno values such as 150).
In MySQL 8.0+, SELECT * FROM performance_schema.events_errors_summary_global_by_error WHERE SUM_ERROR_RAISED > 0 ORDER BY SUM_ERROR_RAISED DESC; shows which errors the server has raised and how often.
Drivers: err.errno (mysql-connector-python, mysql2), e.args[0] (PyMySQL), SQLException.getErrorCode() (JDBC), MySQLError.Number (Go), errorInfo[1] (PHP PDO).

How to use

Paste the error number (1064), the whole ERROR line from the mysql client or your logs, a symbol like ER_DUP_ENTRY, or a phrase such as Duplicate entry - or click one of the common codes.
Read the report: number, symbol, SQLSTATE, the typical message, why it happens and how to fix it with concrete SQL or my.cnf settings. For free text the best match is shown first with up to four alternatives.
Copy the Handle it in code snippet to catch exactly that error by number in a stored procedure, mysql-connector-python, PyMySQL, JDBC, mysql2, go-sql-driver or PHP PDO.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between a MySQL error number, symbol and SQLSTATE?

The error number (errno, e.g. 1062) and its symbol (ER_DUP_ENTRY) identify one specific MySQL error; the symbol is simply the constant name used in the MySQL source and by drivers such as mysql2 (err.code). The SQLSTATE (e.g. 23000) is a five-character code from the SQL standard, and it is much coarser: dozens of MySQL errors share HY000 or 23000. Client-library errors in the 2000-2999 range always report HY000. For reliable error handling, compare the number - getErrorCode() in JDBC, err.errno in Python and Node.js, MySQLError.Number in Go.

Are MariaDB error codes the same as MySQL error codes?

Mostly for the classic ones. MariaDB forked from MySQL 5.5 and kept the 1000-1999 server numbers, so 1045, 1062, 1064, 1146, 1205, 1213, 1451 and 1452 mean the same thing on both. Client errors 2000-2999 come from the client library and also match. They diverge for newer codes: MySQL 5.7/8.0 errors from 3000 upward (such as 3819 check constraint violated or 4031 inactivity disconnect) do not exist in MariaDB, and MariaDB added its own errors in the 1900s and 4000s with different meanings. Check the MariaDB error reference for any code above 1900.

How can I debug a MySQL error against the actual schema faster?

Most errors - 1054 unknown column, 1146 table doesn't exist, 1452 foreign key fails, 1366 incorrect string value - are about the schema, so you need to see the table definition next to the failing statement. Run SHOW CREATE TABLE and SHOW WARNINGS after the statement, or use Chat2DB: download the desktop client at https://chat2db.ai/download or open the web app at https://app.chat2db.ai, connect to MySQL or MariaDB, run the query and let the AI assistant explain the error and propose the corrected SQL with the table structure in view.